Douglas T. Carrell, PhD, HCLD, Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Human Genetics, Director of IVF, Andrology and Reproductive Research Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USACatherine Racowsky, PhD, HCLD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAPeter N. Schlegel, MD, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USAAlan H. DeCherney, MD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA