Barbara Casu is the Director of the Centre for Banking Research at Cass Business School, City University London, where she is Professor of Banking. Her research interests are in the areas of banking, financial regulation, corporate governance and industrial organisation. Barbara has published over 30 papers in international peer reviewed journals, including the Review of Economics and Statistics and the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking.Andrew Gall is the Economist at the Building Societies Association, the trade body for all UK building societies.