Md Arifur Rahman is from Bangladesh. Currently, he is an associate professor in the Department of Management Studies in the Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He was awarded a Ph.D. in economics by Ritsumeikan University, Japan, in 2020, and his research work has focused on the retail density of Japan and its impact on the country’s household economy. He has made significant research contributions to the development of Japanese retailing during his Ph.D. work. In addition, he has studied retail employment and employee productivity in the South Asian retail industry. His research interests include the distribution system, internationalization of retailers, retailing in terms of technological innovation, changes in the retail formats in the context of regional economic development, and development of the retail workforce.