Douglas Cumming, JD, PhD, CFA, is a Professor of Finance and Entrepreneurship and the Ontario Research Chair at the Schulich School of Business, York University. His research is primarily focused on venture capital, private equity, IPOs, law and finance, market surveillance, and hedge funds. He has published more than seventy-five refereed papers in leading journals and is the coauthor (with Sofia Johan) of Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting: An International Perspective. He has consulted for a variety of governmental and private organizations in Australasia, Europe, and North America.