About the Author — Dr. Ali Akbar FirooziDr. Ali Akbar Firoozi is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, and Senior Research Fellow at the Strategic Research Institute (SRI), Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (APU), Technology Park Malaysia, Malaysia. His work sits at the intersection of civil/architectural engineering and public health, with a focus on infection-resilient hospital design, indoor air quality and ventilation strategies, hygienic materials and surfaces, and patient-centred environmental performance. He employs evidence-based methods, ranging from building physics and computational analysis to post-occupancy evaluation, to translate research into practical design guidance for both new facilities and retrofits. Dr. Firoozi has collaborated with clinicians, architects, and policymakers on projects that balance safety, operational efficiency, and sustainability, particularly in resource-constrained settings. His broader scholarship covers resilient infrastructure and sustainable construction, informing this book’s integrated approach to reducing infection risks while enhancing comfort and care outcomes.About the Author — Dr. Ali Asghar FirooziDr. Ali Asghar Firoozi is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Malaysia. His research spans structural materials, building physics, and health-focused environmental engineering, emphasizing ventilation and airflow optimization, aerosol transport, and evidence-based spatial planning for infection prevention in healthcare facilities. He integrates computational modelling (e.g., CFD), parametric design, and sensor-driven monitoring to evaluate ward layouts, isolation strategies, and HVAC operations that improve patient safety and staff well-being. Dr. Firoozi’s work also examines lifecycle and sustainability dimensions, energy performance, material durability, and maintenance, so that infection control measures align with long-term operational efficiency. Through cross-disciplinary collaboration with architects, mechanical engineers, and public-health practitioners, he contributes practical frameworks that help hospitals and clinics adopt robust, data-informed design decisions.