Ajith H. Perera Ontario Forest Research InstituteOntario Ministry of Natural Resources1235 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 Canadaajith.perera@ontario.caBrian R. Sturtevant Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies, Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USAbsturtevant@fs.fed.usLisa J. Buse Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1235 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 Canadalisa.buse@ontario.ca