SETSUKO ARITA is Professor, Department of Japanese Language and Literature, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Japan KAORU HORIE is Professor of Linguistics, Graduate School of International Cultural Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan NORIKO IWASAKI is Lecturer in Language Pedagogy, Department of Linguistics, SOAS, University of London, UK LARS LARM is Senior Lecturer in Japanese Linguistics, Centre for Languages and Literature, Japanese Studies, Lund University, Sweden TAKASHI MASUOKA is Professor, Department of Japanese Language and Culture, Kobe City University of Foreign Studies, Kobe, Japan TETSUHARU MORIYA is Professor of English Linguistics, School of Teacher Education, Kanazawa University, Japan HEIKO NARROG is Associate Professor, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan TERUKO SHIN'YA is Professor, J.F. Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan. YUKINORI TAKUBO is Professor of Linguistics, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Japan SUWAKO WATANABE is Professor of Japanese,Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.