Dr. Birnbaum is a Principal at Analysis Group. Dr. Birnbaum’s professional interest is performing economic investigations regarding the comparative effectiveness and value of medical services and products and health economics of specific conditions using real world data from administrative claims files, medical records, and surveys of patients and physicians, as well as clinical trial data. He has conducted health economics and outcomes research across a broad range of physical and mental disorders for pharmaceutical and biotechnology manufacturers, managed care organizations, and government agencies, as well as provided expert testimony and litigation support in matters regarding Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement and managed care issues. Dr. Birnbaum has published numerous articles in leading medical, health economics, and managed care journals on a wide range of conditions. Dr. Birnbaum also serves on the editorial board of PharmacoEconomics, and is a member of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Institutional Council.Mr. Greenberg is the Director of Analysis Group's Health Care Practice and specializes in health economics, both in health outcomes research and in complex business litigation. He consults to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies concerning the health economics profiles of specific diseases and medical products. Mr. Greenberg has overseen cost-of-illness research relating to numerous physical and psychiatric disorders, as well as pharmacoeconomic assessments of the cost-effectiveness of drugs based on data gathered in clinical trials and administrative claims files. Mr. Greenberg also draws upon the methodological tools and data sources used in health outcomes research to analyze problems that emerge in litigation. He currently serves on the editorial boards of PharmacoEconomics, Journal of Medical Economics, and Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy.